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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

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Food scarcity and decrease in income are associated with depression after COVID-19 pandemic in rural settings.

Dharmendra Gahwai1, Sonal Dayama2, Aakanksha Mishra3

  • 1Directorate of Health Services, Raipur, India.

Frontiers in Public Health
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 significantly impacted mental health in rural Central India, with distress, anxiety, and depression prevalent. Socioeconomic factors like income loss and family death increased risks, highlighting the need for accessible mental health support.

Keywords:
COVID-19anxietydepressionmental healthpost-traumatic stress diseaserural area

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound and lasting effects on global mental health.
  • Rural populations often face unique challenges in accessing healthcare, including mental health services.
  • Understanding the specific mental health burden in rural India post-COVID-19 is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between COVID-19 and mental health outcomes in rural Central India.
  • To evaluate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in affected families.
  • To identify socioeconomic factors contributing to mental distress.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 18 villages of Durg District, Chhattisgarh.
  • Validated instruments including GAD-7, PHQ-9, and IES-R were used for assessment.
  • Data was collected from 431 participants with at least one family member affected by COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Symptoms of distress, anxiety, and depression were observed in 26.2%, 14.8%, and 11.8% of participants, respectively.
  • Family member death due to COVID-19 and out-of-pocket expenditure were significantly associated with higher mental distress.
  • Reduced income was linked to depression (OR=2.066), and education, smoking, and expenditure were associated with PTSD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic factors such as income stability and food security remain critical for mental health outcomes one year post-pandemic.
  • Targeted mental health resources and financial support are essential for individuals experiencing food and financial insecurity.
  • Interventions should address the long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 in vulnerable rural populations.