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Arrhythmias and Sudden Death: What is New in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Deepthi Rajan1, Christopher Ryan Zörner2, Morten Lock Hansen2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cardiac Failure Review
|April 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) management is advancing with precision diagnostics and targeted therapies. This review covers updated arrhythmia treatments, risk stratification, and novel drugs like myosin inhibitors for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder with varied symptoms, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death risk.
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias are common and serious complications in HCM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in managing arrhythmias, risk stratification, and targeted therapies for HCM.
  • To highlight the role of precision medicine in improving clinical outcomes for HCM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HCM diagnostics, including genetic testing and cardiac imaging.
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies for arrhythmias, such as catheter ablation and ICDs.
  • Evaluation of risk stratification models and emerging pharmacological agents, including myosin inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Precision diagnostics refine HCM diagnosis and enable personalized treatment.
  • Catheter ablation provides symptom relief for AF in HCM but faces high recurrence rates.
  • Risk stratification tools like the ESC HCM Risk-SCD model are crucial for identifying high-risk individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated management of HCM requires combining advanced diagnostics, tailored arrhythmia treatments, and precise risk assessment.
  • Emerging therapies, including myosin inhibitors, offer new avenues for individualized HCM management.
  • A precision medicine approach is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Keywords:
AFHypertrophic cardiomyopathyICDheart failurerisk stratificationsudden cardiac deathventricular arrhythmia

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