Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the anterior mediastinum: An uncommon case presentation and complex diagnosis

Mediastinal liposarcoma are rare occurrences of liposarcomas, arising from mesenchymal fat cells. They have several histological subtypes including well-differentiated, dedifferentiated, myxoid and pleomorphic. They often present with nonspecific symptoms of mass effect on nearby structures. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, but high recurrence rate remains a challenge. We present the case of a 70-year-old male with a large dedifferentiated anterior mediastinal liposarcoma presenting with compressive symptoms. Coordinated efforts from radiology, histopathology and surgical teams are required for timely and accurate diagnosis and an optimized course of treatment.