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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Urban Planning
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Green-blue-grey infrastructure (GBGI) offers urban environmental benefits, but its air pollution mitigation effects are under-researched and fragmented.
  • Existing literature lacks a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of diverse GBGI types and their specific pollutant removal mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate quantitative studies on GBGI's air pollution mitigation capabilities.
  • To compare the pollutant removal processes of different GBGI types.
  • To identify research gaps and areas for future investigation in GBGI and air quality.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 51 GBGI types, focusing on the 22 that provided quantitative pollution reduction data.
  • Categorization of GBGI into eight main types for comparative analysis.
  • Analysis of factors influencing GBGI efficacy, including wind, vegetation characteristics, and urban morphology.

Main Results:

  • GBGI provided an average air pollution reduction of 16 ± 21%, with linear features (23 ± 21%) and parks (22 ± 34%) showing substantial impact.
  • Specific pollutants reduced include PM1, PM2.5, PM10, UFP, BC, CO, O3, and NOx, with varying degrees of efficacy.
  • Street trees demonstrated context-dependent effects, benefiting open roads but potentially worsening air quality in street canyons.

Conclusions:

  • GBGI has a significant, albeit variable, potential to improve urban air quality, with notable performance from linear and constructed types.
  • Urban morphology and climate change pose challenges, potentially altering GBGI effectiveness and necessitating adaptive strategies.
  • A standardized reporting structure is crucial for meaningful comparisons and effective integration of GBGI findings into urban planning and climate strategies.