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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

5.7K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
5.7K
Halogens03:01

Halogens

18.1K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
18.1K
Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups

24.8K

Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.  
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional...
24.8K
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

22.8K

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
22.8K
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

15.0K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
15.0K
Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones00:51

Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones

3.3K
α-Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones is a reaction involving the substitution of α hydrogens with halogens in the presence of a base.  The reaction begins with the abstraction of  α hydrogen by the base to produce a nucleophilic enolate ion. This intermediate undergoes a subsequent nucleophilic substitution with the halogen to produce a monohalogenated carbonyl compound. If the starting substrate has more than one α hydrogen, it is difficult to stop the reaction...
3.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

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Fluorination strategy toward chemical and functional modification.

Haotian Qiu1,2, Shilie Pan1,2, Miriding Mutailipu1,2

  • 1Research Center for Crystal Materials, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.

Fundamental Research
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorination enhances material properties by modifying chemistry and electronic characteristics. This review explores fluorooxysalts, highlighting fluorine

Keywords:
FluorinationFluorineFluorooxysaltsInorganic synthesisNonlinear optical crystal

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Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Fluorination is a key strategy for altering material properties.
  • Fluorooxysalts offer unique chemical and structural diversity.
  • Fluorine incorporation significantly impacts material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in fluorooxysalts.
  • To examine the chemical and material aspects of fluorine-involved M-F bonds.
  • To discuss future opportunities and challenges in fluorooxysalt research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fluorooxysalts.
  • Analysis of synthesis, structural chemistry, and functionality.
  • Examination from the perspective of the polyanion.

Main Results:

  • Fluorine's critical role in synthesis, characterization, and physical properties is detailed.
  • Understanding fluorooxysalt chemistry enhances optical crystals, battery materials, and framework materials.
  • Fluorination enables microscale modification of material chemistry and properties.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorooxysalts represent a promising class of materials with tunable properties.
  • Continued research into fluorooxysalts can lead to significant technological advancements.
  • The polyanion perspective is crucial for understanding fluorooxysalt evolution and applications.