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Enabling beam-scanning antenna technologies for terahertz wireless systems: A review.

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Terahertz (THz) waves offer higher capacity for 6G wireless systems. This review explores beam-scanning antenna technologies crucial for overcoming THz wave challenges in future communications and sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Wireless Communications

Background:

  • Exponential growth in mobile data necessitates exploring new frequency bands like terahertz (THz).
  • THz generation and detection have advanced, but system components remain a bottleneck.
  • THz waves face challenges: high propagation loss, atmospheric susceptibility, and inefficient sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review enabling beam-scanning antenna concepts for THz wireless systems.
  • To highlight the critical role of antennas in exploiting THz spectra for 6G and beyond.
  • To categorize THz beam-scanning solutions based on their underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of THz beam-scanning antenna solutions into four groups.
  • Review of concepts, structures, and architectures for THz beam-scanning.
  • Analysis based on different beam-scanning mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified four primary categories of THz beam-scanning antennas: mechanical motion, phased array, frequency beam-scanning, and reconfigurable metasurfaces.
  • Detailed review of various antenna designs within each category.
  • Emphasis on the necessity of highly-directive, steerable beams for THz systems.

Conclusions:

  • Beam-scanning antennas are essential for overcoming THz wave propagation challenges.
  • Diverse antenna technologies are being developed to enable THz wireless communication, sensing, and imaging.
  • Continued research in antenna components is vital for realizing the potential of THz spectra.