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Exploring the Relationship Between Blood Transfusions and Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonates

Abdulrahman Al-Matary1, Ibrahim AlShalan2, Fawaz M AlDhafiri3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Health Science Centre, Winnipeg, CAN.

Cureus
|April 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Blood transfusions significantly increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. This study highlights blood transfusions as a strong predictor of BPD, suggesting a critical role in its development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common lung condition in preterm infants.
  • Blood transfusions, including red blood cells and platelets, may exacerbate pulmonary inflammation, potentially contributing to BPD development.
  • The causal role of transfusions in BPD has been understudied despite frequent use in affected infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between blood product transfusions and the incidence of BPD in preterm neonates.
  • To identify the role of blood transfusions as a predictor for BPD development.
  • To explore other associated factors contributing to BPD in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of neonates with gestational age < 32 weeks admitted within 48 hours of birth (2011-2020).
  • Data extraction included demographics, clinical factors, and blood transfusion history from medical records.
  • Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between blood transfusion and BPD development.

Main Results:

  • 1,553 neonates were analyzed; 11.8% were diagnosed with BPD.
  • Neonates receiving blood transfusions showed a significantly higher likelihood of developing BPD (OR=9.1).
  • Blood transfusion remained a significant predictor of BPD after adjusting for confounders (aOR=3.8), identified as the strongest predictor (OR=4.5).

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between blood transfusions and BPD development in preterm neonates.
  • Blood transfusion is a strong predictor of BPD, suggesting a critical role in its pathogenesis.
  • Retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis, and non-invasive ventilation also showed associations with BPD.
Abstract

Keywords:
: neonatesbronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd)newborn blood transfusionpacked red blood cell transfusionpreterm infants

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