TREM2⁺ macrophages: a key role in disease development

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cell Biology
• Molecular Medicine

Background:

• Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are key immune receptors found on myeloid cells, particularly macrophages.
• TREM2 plays critical roles in phagocytosis, lipid metabolism, cell survival, and inflammatory responses.
• Dysregulation of TREM2 is linked to various noncancerous diseases and cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pivotal role of TREM2 in macrophages and immune-related diseases.
• To elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying TREM2 function.
• To explore TREM2's potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker and discuss therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of TREM2's function in macrophages.
• Analysis of TREM2's involvement in disease pathogenesis.
• Examination of clinical trial data for TREM2-targeting therapies.

Main Results:

• TREM2 exhibits context-dependent functions in different myeloid cells, primarily macrophages.
• TREM2 plays dual, often opposing, roles in both noncancerous diseases and cancers.
• Current clinical trials are investigating TREM2-targeting strategies.

Conclusions:

• TREM2 is a significant factor in immune responses and disease development.
• Understanding TREM2 mechanisms can lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Targeting TREM2 holds promise for managing various immune-related diseases and cancers.