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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Microbiome research

Background:

  • Intraspecific conflicts are common and often resolved with limited aggression.
  • The Hawk-Dove (HD) game model traditionally focuses on host genes influencing aggression.
  • Emerging evidence links host microbes to diverse host functions, including behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the classic Hawk-Dove game model to incorporate host microbes.
  • To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of host aggression influenced by microbes.
  • To examine how natural selection acts on microbes during host conflicts.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling using an extended Hawk-Dove game.
  • Analysis of selection pressures on microbes based on host interactions.
  • Comparison of evolutionary outcomes with and without microbial influence.

Main Results:

  • Microbe-induced nonaggressive host behavior is more likely to evolve and spread than host gene-induced nonaggression.
  • Microbial horizontal transmission favors reduced host aggressiveness under broader conditions.
  • Selection on microbes promotes reduced host aggressiveness more effectively than selection on host genes alone.

Conclusions:

  • Microbes may explain the widespread occurrence of nonviolent conflict resolution.
  • Microbial composition within hosts can significantly impact population-level aggressiveness.
  • Altering host-microbe interactions could be a factor in modulating aggressive behaviors.