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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Education
  7. Specialist Studies In Education
  9. Special Education And Disability
  11. Diverging Cognitive Benefits From Education Between Rural And Urban Middle-aged And Older Adults In The Usa.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Education
  7. Specialist Studies In Education
  9. Special Education And Disability
  11. Diverging Cognitive Benefits From Education Between Rural And Urban Middle-aged And Older Adults In The Usa.

Related Experiment Video

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

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Diverging cognitive benefits from education between rural and urban middle-aged and older adults in the USA.

Roger Wong1,2, Amer Mansour3

  • 1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Bjpsych Open
|April 17, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rural residence and lower education increase subjective cognitive decline (SCD) risk. Higher education protects urban residents but not rural ones, highlighting disparities in cognitive health resources.

Keywords:
Cognitive declineeducationolder adultrural

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) involves self-reported memory loss or confusion.
  • Limited research exists on how rural-urban residence and education influence SCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate rural-urban differences in SCD prevalence.
  • To determine if education moderates the relationship between residence and SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (n=63,890).
  • Logistic regression examined rural-urban residence and SCD association.
  • Interaction analysis tested education's moderating effect on SCD.

Main Results:

urban
  • SCD was more prevalent in rural (12.0%) versus urban (10.7%) residents.
  • Rural residence correlated with 9% higher odds of SCD (aOR=1.09).
  • Higher education, particularly a college degree, was linked to 15% lower SCD odds (aOR=0.85).
  • Education significantly moderated SCD risk, offering protection only to urban residents.

    • Conclusions:

    • Rural settings and lower education levels are associated with increased SCD risk.
    • Higher education provides cognitive protection predominantly for urban dwellers.
    • Disparities in educational benefits suggest differing access to resources impacting cognition.