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Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Advances in Early Detection, Risk Assessment, and Prevention Strategies
Pei-Hua Lee1,2, Shao Min Huang3, Yi-Ching Tsai4
1Department of Medical Imaging, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 17, 2025
Summary
Novel biomarkers and AI improve early detection of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), a kidney injury from contrast media. This enhances risk assessment and guides personalized prevention strategies for safer contrast imaging.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Radiology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious complication of iodinated contrast media (ICM), particularly in patients with kidney disease.
- Pathophysiology involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and hemodynamic changes leading to acute kidney injury (AKI).
- Current markers like serum creatinine lack sensitivity and timeliness for early CIN detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of novel biomarkers in early CIN detection and risk stratification.
- To highlight advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive modeling and personalized medicine.
- To discuss mitigation strategies for reducing CIN incidence.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on CIN pathophysiology and biomarkers.
- Analysis of AI and computational analytics in predicting CIN risk.
- Evaluation of hydration, pharmacological, and procedural interventions.
Main Results:
- Novel biomarkers offer improved sensitivity and timeliness over conventional markers for CIN detection.
- AI enhances predictive capabilities for personalized risk assessment.
- Various mitigation strategies can effectively reduce CIN incidence.
Conclusions:
- Biomarker-driven assessments are crucial for improving CIN management and patient outcomes.
- Standardization of biomarker assays and validation of AI models are essential for future research.
- Integrating advanced biomarkers and risk reduction strategies enhances the safety of contrast-enhanced imaging.
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