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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...

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Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo
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Composite Polylactide/Polycaprolactone Foams with Hierarchical Porous Structure for Pre-Vascularized Tissue

Jana Musílková1, Miloš Beran2, Antonín Sedlář1

  • 1Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New polylactide/polycaprolactone scaffolds with tunable porosity enhance cell ingrowth and vascularization for tissue engineering applications. These materials show promise for both soft and hard tissue regeneration.

Keywords:
compression stress and straindegradable polyestersdynamic cultivationendothelial cellsmacroporositymesenchymal stem cellsmineralizationnanoporositypre-vascularizationthree-dimensional scaffolds

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Modern tissue engineering demands degradable scaffolds that support cell growth and vascularization.
  • Achieving interconnected porous structures is crucial for nutrient transport and cell infiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize porous polylactide/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) scaffolds using a combined porogen leaching and freeze-drying technique.
  • To investigate the impact of Klucel (a cellulose derivative) concentration on scaffold porosity, water uptake, and cellular response.
  • To evaluate the potential of these scaffolds for engineering pre-vascularized soft and hard tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PLA/PCL scaffolds using NaCl and varying Klucel concentrations (10-100% w/w).
  • Characterization of scaffold porosity (macro-, micro-, nanopores) and interconnectivity using SEM, micro-CT, and BET analysis.
  • Assessment of water uptake, cell ingrowth (human adipose-derived stem cells), and pre-vascular structure formation (co-cultured with endothelial cells).

Main Results:

  • Scaffolds exhibited trimodal pore size distribution (macro-, micro-, nanopores) with ~90% open porosity.
  • Klucel incorporation increased macropore size and nanoporosity, enhancing water uptake and cell infiltration.
  • Scaffolds with 25% Klucel showed optimal cell ingrowth, and pre-vascularization was enhanced in a dynamic culture system.
  • Scaffold mechanical properties varied with Klucel content, suggesting suitability for soft (10% Klucel) and hard (25-50% Klucel) tissues.

Conclusions:

  • PLA/PCL scaffolds fabricated with Klucel offer tunable porosity and enhanced vascularization potential.
  • These scaffolds demonstrate promise for engineering pre-vascularized soft and hard tissues.
  • The combination of controlled porosity and biomaterial properties facilitates cell infiltration and tissue regeneration.