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Advancing Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening: Exploring the Potential of Monoclonal Antibody L2A5
Renato Caldevilla1, Mariana Eiras1,2, Daniela A R Santos1,2,3
1Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
A new antibody, L2A5, shows promise for early colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. This method targets the Sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen in stool, offering improved non-invasive screening compared to current tests.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for improving patient prognosis and survival rates.
- Current non-invasive CRC screening methods like the Faecal Immunohistochemical Test (FIT) have limitations, including low sensitivity and high false-positive rates.
- The Sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen is overexpressed in pre-malignant and malignant colorectal lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential of the novel monoclonal antibody L2A5 for non-invasive CRC screening.
- To assess if L2A5 can overcome the limitations of existing non-invasive CRC screening methods.
- To investigate the differential expression of STn antigen in various stages of colorectal lesions.
Main Methods:
- Slot blot analysis was performed on stool samples from 95 patients undergoing colonoscopy.
- Patients were categorized into four groups: no lesion (NL), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and colorectal cancer (CRC).
- The L2A5 antibody was used to detect Sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen expression.
Main Results:
- Differential STn expression was observed across the clinical groups.
- L2A5 demonstrated excellent discrimination between no lesion and CRC groups (AUC = 0.8252, sensitivity = 70%).
- Moderate discrimination was found between the combined no lesion/low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia/colorectal cancer groups (AUC = 0.7766, sensitivity = 58%).
Conclusions:
- The L2A5 antibody can detect STn antigen in stool samples.
- L2A5 shows potential as a tool for non-invasive screening of advanced colorectal lesions.
- This approach may offer an improved method for early CRC detection.
