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Erectile Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review.

Dake Zhu1, Quan Minh Pham1,2, Chunlin Wang1,3

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Oxidative stress (OS) significantly contributes to erectile dysfunction (ED) by impairing blood vessel function. Antioxidant therapies and lifestyle changes show promise in managing ED by restoring redox balance.

Keywords:
depressionendothelial dysfunctionerectile dysfunctionmale infertilitynitric oxideoxidative stresspremature ejaculationreactive oxygen speciessexual dysfunctionsmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Andrology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual health issue with complex causes.
  • Oxidative stress (OS), an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key factor in ED pathogenesis.
  • OS negatively impacts endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) availability, leading to vascular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between OS and ED.
  • To explore the sources of ROS contributing to ED.
  • To examine how chronic conditions and lifestyle factors worsen ED via OS.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Focus on ROS generation mechanisms (NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, etc.).
  • Analysis of OS impact in conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

Main Results:

  • OS disrupts endothelial function and reduces NO bioavailability, contributing to ED.
  • Chronic diseases and lifestyle factors exacerbate ED by increasing OS.
  • Emerging evidence supports antioxidant and lifestyle interventions for ED.

Conclusions:

  • OS is a critical mechanism underlying ED.
  • Targeting OS pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for ED.
  • Further research is needed to clarify molecular links and develop targeted treatments.