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Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins01:13

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

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The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

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The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Updated: May 11, 2025

Visualizing Actin and Microtubule Coupling Dynamics In Vitro by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence TIRF Microscopy
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A Multifaceted Giant Protein Microtubule-Actin Cross-Linking Factor 1.

Chung-Ming Lin1, Ru-Huei Fu2,3,4, Hui-Jye Chen4

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Health and Medical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 33348, Taiwan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) is a giant protein crucial for cell structure and function. This review details MACF1's roles in health and disease, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
ACF7MACF1cancermental diseasemicrotubule-actin cross-linking factor 1neuronal diseaseosteoporosisspectraplakin

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1), also known as actin cross-linking family protein 7 (ACF7), is a large protein that organizes actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks.
  • MACF1 participates in fundamental cellular processes such as polarity, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and neuronal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of the physiological and pathological functions of MACF1.
  • To highlight the molecular components and signaling pathways associated with MACF1.
  • To explore the implications of MACF1 in various human diseases and biological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on MACF1.
  • Analysis of reported physiological and pathological roles.
  • Identification of associated diseases and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • MACF1 is implicated in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including neuronal disorders, myasthenia, ovarian insufficiency, bone diseases, retinopathy, and cancers.
  • Physiological roles encompass adhesome formation, bone and tooth development, and neuronal aging.
  • MACF1 serves as a biomarker for infection prediction in burn patients and for genomic selection breeding.

Conclusions:

  • MACF1 is a versatile, multifaceted protein with critical roles in cellular organization and homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of MACF1 is linked to numerous pathologies, underscoring its significance in human health.
  • Further research into MACF1 functions may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for MACF1-related diseases.