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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

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Cephalopod-Inspired Magnetic Shape-Morphing System for Complex 3D Transformations with Broad Reconfigurability in 3D

Subin Oh¹, Choong Yeon Kim^1,2, Sein Chung³

¹School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|April 17, 2025

Summary

Scientists developed 3D magnetic shape-morphing systems inspired by cephalopods. These systems offer continuous, complex shape changes for advanced 3D electronics and soft robotics applications.

Keywords:

low melting point alloy magnetic programming magneto‐thermal actuation shape reconfigurability soft robotics stiffness tuning visio‐haptic interface

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Robotics
Biomimetics

Background:

Advanced 3D electronics and soft robotics require shape-morphing systems capable of complex configurations.
Current technologies face limitations in iterative reconfiguration, mechanical stability, and response speed.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce novel 3D magnetic shape-morphing systems inspired by cephalopod skin.
To enable reversible, continuous shape transformation for complex 3D structures.

Main Methods:

Developed magnetic shape-morphing platforms (MMPs) using elastomer composites with low melting point alloy (LMPA) particles and ferromagnetic components.
Utilized a 3D magnetic encoding strategy for magnetization profiles.
Employed thermo-magnetoactive actuation for shape control.

Main Results:

Achieved reversible and continuous shape transformation with a wide range of complex configurations.
Demonstrated robust and intricate 3D shapes through multimodal magnetic actuation.
Tuned system stiffness and magnetoactive reconfigurability for enhanced performance.

Conclusions:

Bioinspired 3D magnetic shape-morphing systems offer a promising solution to limitations in current shape-morphing technologies.
Potential applications include advanced 3D electronics, soft robotics, and visio-haptic human interfaces.
The developed MMPs provide a versatile platform for creating dynamic and reconfigurable 3D structures.