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Profiling Blood-Based Neural Biomarkers and Cytokines in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple

Insha Zahoor1, Sajad Mir1, Shailendra Giri1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neurofilament light chain (NFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) show promise as blood biomarkers for predicting disease activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis (MS).

Keywords:
biomarkercytokinesexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)multiple sclerosis (MS)neurofilament light chain (NFL)single molecule array (SIMOA)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Translational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a key animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS) research.
  • Blood analytes like cytokines and neural biomarkers can predict neurodegeneration and disease progression in MS patients.
  • Variability in EAE studies due to confounding factors limits the predictive utility of current biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate blood-based neural markers (NFL, GFAP) and cytokine profiles in distinct EAE models.
  • To assess the potential of these analytes as predictors of disease activity across different disease phases.
  • To identify reliable surrogate markers for preclinical therapeutic testing in MS animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultrasensitive single-molecule array technology (SIMOA) for high-sensitivity analyte profiling.
  • Analyzed blood plasma from mice with relapsing-remitting (RR)-EAE and chronic-EAE.
  • Measured neural markers (NFL, GFAP) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IL-12p70, IL-10, TNF-α) during acute, chronic, and progressive disease phases.

Main Results:

  • NFL levels significantly increased post-disease onset in both EAE models, with higher levels in chronic-EAE.
  • GFAP leakage into peripheral blood was elevated after disease onset, particularly in the acute phase of chronic-EAE.
  • Interleukin-10 (IL-10) consistently showed lower levels in both EAE models throughout the disease course.

Conclusions:

  • NFL, GFAP, and IL-10 demonstrate potential as translational predictors of disease activity in EAE.
  • These markers may serve as valuable surrogate endpoints for preclinical therapeutic evaluations in MS models.
  • This study enhances the utility of EAE models for predicting therapeutic efficacy in multiple sclerosis.