Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

668
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
668
Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

1.3K
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports...
1.3K
Nociception01:44

Nociception

27.6K
Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
27.6K
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

940
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises...
940
Glial Cells01:04

Glial Cells

85.6K
Overview
85.6K
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

2.1K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inter-centre heterogeneity, temporal evolution, and factors associated with treatment selection and outcomes in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a multicentre, combined prospective and retrospective observational study.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

A Quantitative Assessment of Upper Limb Motor Function Across Disease Stages in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS·2026
Same author

A Consensus Clustering Approach to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Phenotyping.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same author

Motor, Extrapyramidal, and Cognitive Involvement in RFC1 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Neurology. Genetics·2026
Same author

Response on "Commentary on "Is gaitrite system sensitive in discriminating gait pattern of subjects affected by Charcot Marie tooth? A pilot study"".

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Patient-reported outcomes as predictors of disability evolution in Multiple Sclerosis: An interpretable machine learning approach.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions
06:01

The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions

Published on: August 11, 2016

15.6K

Basic Pathological Mechanisms in Peripheral Nerve Diseases.

Angelo Schenone1,2, Sara Massucco1, Cristina Schenone1

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve disorders involve axonopathy and myelinopathy. This review details their pathological and molecular mechanisms, focusing on Schwann cell interactions and repair pathways for targeted therapies.

Keywords:
axonmyelinnerveneuropathiesperipheral nervous system

More Related Videos

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure
00:09

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure

Published on: August 27, 2019

8.7K
In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
04:56

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Published on: February 6, 2018

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2025

The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions
06:01

The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions

Published on: August 11, 2016

15.6K
Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure
00:09

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure

Published on: August 27, 2019

8.7K
In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
04:56

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Published on: February 6, 2018

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve disorders stem from axonopathy and myelinopathy.
  • Understanding axo-glial interactions is crucial for neuropathogenesis.
  • Nerve biopsies offer diagnostic value in select peripheral neuropathy cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent insights into the pathological and molecular mechanisms of axonopathy and myelinopathy.
  • To outline key factors driving axonal regeneration.
  • To discuss primary segmental demyelination, dysmyelination, and paranodal demyelination.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathological and molecular mechanisms in peripheral nerve disorders.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of axonopathy (Wallerian degeneration, axonal atrophy, dystrophy).
  • Analysis of myelinopathy (segmental demyelination, dysmyelination, paranodal demyelination).

Main Results:

  • Axonopathy involves degeneration, atrophy, and dystrophy, with repair mechanisms vital in non-traumatic neuropathies.
  • Myelinopathy includes primary segmental demyelination and defective myelin development (dysmyelination).
  • Paranodal demyelination is not exclusive to demyelinating disorders, as seen in nodopathies.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of peripheral nerve pathology is essential for developing targeted therapies.
  • Axo-glial interactions play a critical role in neuropathogenesis and repair.
  • Further research into molecular pathways can advance treatment strategies for peripheral neuropathies.