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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth

A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth

Published on: April 8, 2020

The geometric relationship between root length and root surface area determined from digital tooth models.

Chloe Xiao Wei Chan¹, Wee Kheng Leow², Alan Ho-Lun Cheng²

¹Discipline of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Computers in Biology and Medicine

|April 17, 2025

Summary

Root surface area (RSA) and cross-sectional area (CSA) are key to understanding root length loss impact. Up to 20% root length reduction retains over 90% of total RSA, especially in molars.

Keywords:

3D tooth models External apical root resorption Python algorithm Root cross-sectional area Root length Root surface area

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Last Updated: May 11, 2025

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Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data

Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data

Published on: April 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Dental Anatomy
Biomechanical Engineering
Periodontology

Background:

External apical root resorption (EARR) can compromise tooth stability.
Assessing the clinical impact of root length (RL) reduction requires understanding its effect on root surface area (RSA).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between root length (RL) and root surface area (RSA) in permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth.
To quantify the impact of simulated root length reduction on total root surface area (tRSA).

Main Methods:

Generated 3D models of human teeth from a Japanese adult male population.
Utilized a Python algorithm to simulate root shortening in 1 mm increments.
Calculated total root surface area (tRSA) by summing circumferential (cRSA) and cross-sectional (CSA) areas.

Main Results:

Maxillary and mandibular first molars had the largest tRSAs.
Initial 3 mm of root shortening caused <7% tRSA reduction in most teeth.
Beyond 3 mm, tRSA reduction averaged 19.4% (maxillary) and 27.77% (mandibular).
CSA proportion increased with greater RL reduction, significantly contributing to tRSA.

Conclusions:

RSA and CSA are critical for assessing clinical impact of RL loss, not just RL alone.
Up to 20% (approx. 3 mm) RL loss retains over 90% of tRSA.
Teeth with higher CSA, like molars, better maintain periodontal support despite significant RL loss.