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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts, osteocytes,...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
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Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Jonathan Rose1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Memorial Healthcare System, Memorial Hospital West, 703 N Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA.

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are chronic autoimmune diseases that can cause acute emergencies. Prompt recognition and resuscitation are crucial for patients presenting to the emergency department with these complex conditions.

Keywords:
Adverse reactionsRheumatoid arthritisRheumatologic emergenciesSystemic lupus erythematosusTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune connective tissue diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, are typically chronic conditions.
  • These diseases can manifest with acute exacerbations requiring emergency department (ED) evaluation.
  • The multi-organ system involvement in these diseases can lead to diverse and complex presentations in the ED.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing acute exacerbations of autoimmune connective tissue diseases in the emergency department.
  • To emphasize the need for timely assessment and resuscitation in patients with complex presentations of these conditions.
  • To underscore the potential for isolated or myriad symptoms indicative of disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • This is a conceptual abstract, not a research study. No specific methods were employed.
  • Literature review on the presentation of autoimmune connective tissue diseases in emergency settings.
  • Clinical expertise synthesis regarding diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

  • Patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases can present to the ED with acute exacerbations.
  • Presentations can range from single, isolated symptoms to a wide array of signs and symptoms.
  • The complexity and severity of these presentations necessitate rapid identification and intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency department physicians must be vigilant for autoimmune connective tissue diseases, even in patients presenting with seemingly unrelated symptoms.
  • Timely recognition of disease exacerbations and prompt resuscitation are critical for improving patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the potential for multi-organ system involvement is key to managing these complex cases effectively.