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Catecholic chalcones control phytopathogenic bacteria in non-toxic concentrations.

Daniela Silva Gonçalves1, Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva1, Lara Caroline Borges Moreira Mota2

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38.405-320, Brazil.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Catecholic chalcones show potent antibacterial activity against plant pathogens, with some derivatives effectively controlling tomato bacterial leaf spot. These compounds exhibit potential as safe agrochemical pesticides.

Keywords:
antibacterial activitybacterial leaf spotcatecholic chalconesphytopathogenic bacteriatoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Microbiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Phytopathogenic bacteria cause significant crop losses globally.
  • Developing novel, effective, and safe agrochemicals is crucial for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of catecholic chalcones against phytopathogenic bacteria.
  • To assess the in vivo toxicity of these compounds using a Caenorhabditis elegans model.

Main Methods:

  • Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were performed.
  • Enzymatic inhibition was measured via halo assays.
  • Toxicity was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans, and field efficacy was tested on tomato plants.

Main Results:

  • Catecholic chalcones 1-4 demonstrated potent MIC/MBC values (12.5-50 µg·mL-1) with bactericidal effects.
  • Significant inhibition of cellulase, xylanase, amylase, and protease activities was observed.
  • Catecholic chalcones 2 and 3 effectively controlled bacterial leaf spot in tomato plants, with LC50 values ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg·mL-1.

Conclusions:

  • Catecholic chalcones possess significant potential as agrochemical agents against plant bacterial pathogens.
  • The findings suggest a favorable safety profile for human applications as pesticides.