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A study protocol for the CHinA National CancEr screening (CHANCES) trial: a randomized controlled study to compare

Yibo Gao1, Ping Hu2, Ning Wu3,4

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.

BMC Cancer
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CHANCES trial is a large study evaluating lung and colorectal cancer screening in China. Findings will guide cancer prevention strategies, improving early detection and reducing mortality.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerLung cancerMortality reductionRandomized controlled trialScreening strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Effective cancer screening enhances early detection and improves patient outcomes.
  • High-quality evidence from developing regions is limited.
  • The CHANCES trial addresses this gap by evaluating cancer screening in China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) annually versus biennially.
  • To assess various colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of integrated lung and CRC screening in a developing country.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 105,600 participants aged 50-74.
  • Three arms: LDCT with colonoscopy, biennial LDCT with annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), or annual FIT/colonoscopy.
  • Primary endpoint: lung cancer-specific mortality; secondary: CRC screening efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • This section is not available in the provided abstract.

Conclusions:

  • This trial is the first to assess LDCT screening for lung cancer mortality reduction.
  • It explores integrated lung and CRC screening feasibility in a developing nation.
  • Findings will inform evidence-based cancer screening recommendations globally.