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Renal artery branch stenosis induced hypertension in children: a case series

Hongwei Zhang1, Yao Lin1, Yang Liu1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Children's hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.

BMC Pediatrics
|April 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Renal artery branch stenosis can cause hypertension in children. Selective renal artery angiography is key for diagnosis, and selective renal artery embolization may effectively treat this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Renal artery branch stenosis is a rare cause of hypertension in children.
  • Diagnosis and treatment pose significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize clinical features of children with renal artery branch stenosis-induced hypertension.
  • To review diagnostic and treatment experiences and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective summary of clinical data from four pediatric patients.
  • Analysis of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • All patients were male, aged 8-9 years, with stage 2 hypertension and significant symptoms.
  • Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed perfusion defects; selective renal artery angiography confirmed stenosis.
  • Selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) or microcatheter dilation were used; one patient did not receive intervention.
  • Over a year post-SRAE, antihypertensive medication needs decreased and blood pressure normalized.

Conclusions:

  • Consider renal artery branch stenosis in children with early-onset, severe hypertension.
  • Selective renal artery angiography is the diagnostic gold standard.
  • SRAE may be an effective treatment option for selected cases.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenHypertensionRenal artery branch stenosisRenovascular hypertension

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