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Programmable time crystals from higher-order packing fields.

R Hurtado-Gutiérrez1, C Pérez-Espigares1, P I Hurtado1

  • 1Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia, 18071 Granada, Spain and Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, 18071 Granada, Spain.

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Scientists engineered programmable continuous time crystals by controlling density fluctuations in driven diffusive fluids. This breakthrough allows for arbitrary numbers of rotating condensates and reveals new possibilities for time crystal phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Time crystals are many-body systems exhibiting spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking.
  • Recent studies link time crystal phases to external fields interacting with density fluctuations in driven diffusive fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer and control programmable continuous time crystals on demand.
  • To explore arbitrary numbers of rotating condensates and higher-order modes.
  • To elucidate the critical point and general properties of condensate dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the mechanism of coupling external packing fields to density fluctuations.
  • Solving hydrodynamic equations for paradigmatic driven diffusive systems.
  • Analyzing condensate density profiles, velocities, and scaling properties.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated programmable continuous time crystals with controllable condensate numbers and higher-order modes.
  • Identified a scaling property for higher-order traveling condensates.
  • Observed the possibility of explosive time crystal phases with first-order transitions.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered route offers a versatile platform for creating and controlling time crystals.
  • Findings highlight broad possibilities for novel time crystal phases and applications.
  • The study provides a deeper understanding of the underlying physics of time crystal formation.