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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
  • Active Matter Systems

Background:

  • Active nematics exhibit complex dynamic behaviors like turbulence.
  • Periodic patterning of activity offers a route to control these behaviors.
  • Understanding the interplay between activity patterns and emergent order is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of periodic activity patterning on two-dimensional active nematics.
  • To explore transitions between different dynamic regimes (turbulence, ordered vortices).
  • To determine the influence of patterning geometry on emergent phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of two-dimensional active nematic systems.
  • Systematic variation of activity force, stripe distance, and patterning geometry (stripes vs. circles).
  • Analysis of emergent turbulence and vortex ordering dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed transitions from 2D to 1D active turbulence with increasing activity force and stripe separation.
  • Identified stable vortex phases with specific antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering.
  • Found that transitions to 2D turbulence depend on active length scale and density, not geometry.
  • Demonstrated that vortex ordering is highly sensitive to patterning geometry.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic activity inhomogeneity can induce non-equilibrium phase transitions in active nematics.
  • The geometry of activity patterning critically controls emergent vortex order.
  • This work provides a mechanism for designing active matter systems with tailored properties.