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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) Dynamics in Thyroid Pathologies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Pre- and

Adam Bednarczyk1, Grzegorz Kowalski1, Agata Gawrychowska1

  • 1Chair and Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.

Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny
|April 18, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
TGF-βcytokine dynamicscytokine levelsdifferentiated thyroid cancerimmune modulationinflammatory responsemetabolic healthnodular goiterpostoperative changessurgical stressthyroid cancerthyroid disorderthyroid pathology

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