Developing a codebook to characterize barriers, enablers, and strategies for implementing learning health systems...

Area of Science:

• Implementation Science
• Health Services Research
• Healthcare Management

Background:

• Learning health systems (LHSs) are vital for enhancing healthcare through continuous learning and data-driven decisions.
• LHS implementation occurs across individual, organizational, and systemic levels.
• A multilevel perspective is essential for understanding LHS development and operation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically develop a comprehensive codebook for identifying barriers, enablers, and strategies in LHS implementation.
• To provide a robust tool for analyzing multilevel factors influencing LHS success.
• To support the advancement of implementation science in the context of LHS.

Main Methods:

• A two-phase codebook development process was employed, involving a dedicated coding team.
• Phase 1 focused on synthesizing existing literature to create initial codes.
• Phase 2 involved pilot testing the codebook with a dataset for refinement and validation.

Main Results:

• A literature search identified 12 relevant papers detailing LHS implementation factors.
• Codes were derived from literature and a pilot dataset, with specific multilevel distinctions.
• Meso-level strategies were primarily literature-based, while micro-level codes integrated pilot data.

Conclusions:

• The developed codebook advances implementation science for learning health systems.
• It offers a practical tool for analyzing key factors in LHS implementation.
• Provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in LHS evolution.