The Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor Immunotherapy
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance
Metastasis
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
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Updated: May 11, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
Published on: November 28, 2019
Shaowen Liu1, Chunhui Liu2,3, Yuan He1
1State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Benign non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influence cancer progression. Understanding their diverse roles across tumor types is key to developing targeted therapies.
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