Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Illustrative Integration of Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) Data in Dose-Cohort Review for a Phase I Clinical Trial.

Research square·2026

Same author

Payload-Based Clinical Pharmacology Review of Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Commonalities and Considerations for Streamlined Development.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026

Same author

FAP-Targeted LTBR Agonist Drives HEV Differentiation and Immune Niche Formation for Improved Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumours.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026

Same author

Follow-Up Bias in Tumor Dynamic Modeling: A Comparison of Classical and Neural-ODE Approaches.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2026

Same author

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Vixarelimab in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Pruritic Conditions.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2026

Same author

Understanding the lived experience of colorectal cancer: a qualitative study of patient and clinician perspectives.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Oncology Dose Optimization: Tailored Approaches to Different Molecular Classes.

Jiawen Zhu¹, Amy Schroeder¹, Sabine Frank²

¹Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

|April 18, 2025

Summary

Optimizing oncology drug doses is shifting from maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to tailored approaches for targeted therapies and immunotherapies. A new framework categorizes drugs to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.

More Related Videos

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

Published on: November 22, 2021

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

Published on: November 22, 2021

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Oncology
Drug Development

Background:

Traditional chemotherapy dose optimization focused on maximum tolerated dose (MTD), often leading to significant toxicity.
Emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies allow for efficacy at lower doses, below the MTD, with reduced side effects.
Recent FDA guidance emphasizes improved dose optimization strategies in oncology drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel framework for tailored dose optimization in oncology drug development.
To categorize oncology molecules into four distinct classes based on mechanism of action and clinical activity.
To discuss unique dose optimization considerations for each molecular class.

Main Methods:

Categorization of oncology molecules into four classes: Class 1 (small molecule targeted therapies, antibody-drug conjugates), Class 2 (large molecule antagonists), Class 3 (cancer immunotherapy agonists), and Class 4 (molecules with limited single-agent activity).
Discussion of specific dose optimization strategies for each class, supported by case examples.
Proposal of using proof of activity as a criterion for initiating dose expansion.

Main Results:

A proposed framework for classifying oncology drugs to guide dose optimization.
Identification of distinct dose optimization considerations for each of the four molecular classes.
Emphasis on integrating preclinical data, disease knowledge, and clinical measurements for robust decision-making.

Conclusions:

A new, class-based approach to oncology dose optimization can enhance efficacy and minimize toxicity.
Utilizing proof of activity as a gate for dose expansion improves decision-making and resource allocation.
Quantitative pharmacology and statistical modeling are crucial for optimizing oncology drug doses.