The Genomics Revolution in Nonmodel Species: Predictions vs. Reality for Salmonids

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Bioinformatics
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• High-throughput sequencing advancements since 2007 spurred the 'genomics revolution', impacting nonmodel species research.
• Salmonid species, vital economically and ecologically, have pioneered genomics applications in nonmodel organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To retrospectively evaluate 10 key predictions from the early genomics revolution.
• To assess realized and unmet expectations in applied genomics for nonmodel species, particularly salmonids.
• To identify unforeseen advancements and future directions in genomics for nonmodel species.

Main Methods:

• Review of 10 key predictions from the early genomics revolution.
• Analysis of realized and unmet outcomes based on scientific literature.
• Focus on applied genomics in salmonid species.

Main Results:

• Many predictions regarding enhanced analytical power, genetic insights, disease management, and breeding programs have been realized.
• Technological, analytical, and knowledge gaps have limited the fulfillment of some expectations.
• Unforeseen advancements include large-effect loci, close-kin mark-recapture, environmental DNA, and gene editing.
• Emerging innovations in artificial intelligence and bioinformatics present new opportunities.

Conclusions:

• The genomics revolution has significantly advanced nonmodel species biology, particularly in salmonids.
• While many predictions materialized, ongoing challenges necessitate further research and technological development.
• Emerging technologies and approaches promise to further enhance the value and application of genomics in nonmodel species.