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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

D-Orbital-Modulated Ruthenium Embedded within Functionalized Hollow MXene Networks for Enhanced Hydrazine-Assisted

Thanh Hai Nguyen¹, Duy Thanh Tran¹, Deepanshu Malhotra¹

¹Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|April 18, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel electrocatalyst, Ru0.91Ni0.09-N/O-Ti3C2, for efficient green hydrogen production. This advanced material significantly lowers energy requirements for hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation, paving the way for industrial applications.

Keywords:

d‐orbital‐modulated Ru sites hybrid electrocatalyst hydrazine‐assisted hydrogen production porous functionalized MXene

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

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Last Updated: May 11, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Green Chemistry

Background:

Electrochemical water splitting for green hydrogen is promising but hindered by slow oxygen evolution kinetics.
Developing efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a novel hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production.
To investigate the electronic structure and catalytic mechanisms of the designed electrocatalyst.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a hybrid material: ruthenium nanoclusters embedded in functionalized Ti3C2 MXene networks (Ru0.91Ni0.09-N/O-Ti3C2).
Electrochemical characterization to evaluate catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation.
Analysis of charge redistribution and electronic structure via coordination and orbital hybridization.

Main Results:

The Ru0.91Ni0.09-N/O-Ti3C2 catalyst demonstrated significantly reduced overpotentials for hydrogen evolution (29.3 mV) and hydrazine oxidation (-29.9 mV) at 10 mA cm-2.
The catalyst exhibited excellent stability and enabled low cell voltages (0.02 V at 10 mA cm-2 and 0.92 V at 1 A cm-2).
Charge redistribution and d-p orbital hybridization were identified as key factors enhancing catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

The developed Ru0.91Ni0.09-N/O-Ti3C2 electrocatalyst offers a highly efficient and stable pathway for hydrazine-assisted green hydrogen production.
This work presents a promising electrocatalysis strategy for scaling up green hydrogen generation from laboratory to industrial levels.