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Hybrid 3D augmented reality for image-guided therapy using autostereoscopic visualization.

Viktor Vörös1,2, Xuan Thao Ha3, Wim-Alexander Beckers3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. viktor.voros@kuleuven.be.

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
|April 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Augmented reality (AR) guidance in cardiology improves catheter navigation by reducing incorrect artery entries. Hybrid 3D AR visualization enhances spatial awareness and lowers mental load for interventional cardiologists.

Keywords:
Augmented realityAutostereoscopic visualizationImage-guided therapyShape sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Augmented Reality
  • Cardiovascular Interventions

Background:

  • Current image-guided therapy relies on 2D imaging, causing depth perception loss for catheter navigation.
  • Augmented reality (AR) offers potential solutions by visualizing 3D models, but 2D display limitations can hinder depth information.
  • A hybrid 3D AR approach is proposed to combine stereo 3D AR with 2D modalities for improved guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a hybrid 3D augmented reality (AR) visualization method for cardiovascular catheterization.
  • To compare the effectiveness of hybrid 3D AR guidance against conventional 2D methods and simulated fluoroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cardiovascular catheterization simulator with a phantom vascular model, shape-sensing catheter, and autostereoscopic display.
  • User study involving interventional cardiologists and electrophysiologists performing a catheter navigation task.
  • Comparison of hybrid 3D AR, 2D AR, and simulated fluoroscopy guidance.

Main Results:

  • Significant reduction in incorrect artery entries: 50% for 2D AR and 81% for hybrid 3D AR.
  • Improved user confidence and reduced mental load reported with hybrid 3D AR guidance.
  • No significant difference in task time or traveled path length, but hybrid 3D AR showed superiority in pose estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid 3D AR visualization enhances spatial awareness and reduces mental load in image-guided cardiovascular interventions.
  • Autostereoscopic 3D AR effectively improves the estimation of catheter position relative to vascular anatomy.
  • The proposed hybrid 3D AR method shows promise for improving safety and efficiency in catheter navigation.