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A Retrospective Analysis to Identify Epidemiologic Patterns of the Infectious Coryza Outbreak in California 2016-22
Veronica Nguyen1, Simone Stoute1, Shayne Ramsubeik1
1Turlock Branch, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock, CA 95380.
Avian Diseases
|April 18, 2025
Summary
Infectious coryza (IC) outbreaks in California poultry were studied from 2016-2022. Backyard flocks showed the most cases, while commercial layers in the Central Valley and southern regions faced increased IC risk.
Area of Science:
- Poultry Health
- Veterinary Epidemiology
- Bacterial Disease Surveillance
Background:
- Infectious coryza (IC), caused by *Avibacterium paragallinarum*, significantly impacts the poultry industry through mortality, condemnations, and reduced egg production.
- An elevated incidence of IC cases was observed in California from 2017 through 2022, necessitating an epidemiological investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiological patterns of infectious coryza (IC) in California poultry before, during, and after a notable outbreak period (2017-2022).
- To identify specific risk factors associated with IC prevalence and spatial distribution across different poultry types and regions in California.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of necropsy cases positive for IC submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) Laboratory System from January 2016 to December 2022.
- Categorization of 674 positive IC cases by poultry type (backyard, commercial layer, commercial broiler), age, season, and geographic location.
- Statistical analysis, including odds ratios and confidence intervals, to determine risk factors for IC in commercial egg layer operations.
Main Results:
- Backyard poultry flocks represented the largest proportion of IC cases (50.5%), primarily localized in Los Angeles and San Joaquin Counties.
- Commercial layers accounted for 31.4% of cases, concentrated in Merced and Stanislaus Counties, while commercial broilers comprised 18.0% of cases, mainly in Merced County.
- Statistical analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of IC for commercial egg layers in California's Central Valley and southern regions (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.01-1.65, p = 0.039).
Conclusions:
- The study provides crucial updated insights into infectious coryza (IC) trends and epidemiological dynamics in California poultry populations.
- Commercial egg layers in specific regions of California are identified as a high-risk group for IC, highlighting the need for targeted biosecurity and management strategies.
- Understanding the spatial and demographic patterns of IC is essential for effective disease control and mitigation in the poultry industry.
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