Amphiphilic Photosensitizer Based on Benzothioxanthene: Exploring Aggregation-Induced Enhancement of Reactive Oxygen
Yujie Feng1, Yahui Liu1, Andong Zhang1
1State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Abstract:
The application of photosensitizers has long been hindered by complex synthesis routes and poor water solubility. In this study, we report novel benzothioxene-based photosensitizers with significant improvements in both solubility and photodynamic efficiency. Among them, the amphiphilic molecule QA-BTXI stands out, offering exceptional water solubility and pronounced aggregation-induced enhancement of reactive oxygen species generation. At a low concentration of 25 μM, QA-BTXI exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, QA-BTXI is synthesized in a cost-effective manner with 82% yield and a straightforward purification process. These findings present a promising approach to developing next-generation photosensitizers with broad potential for large-scale production and practical applications.
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