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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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High-performance formaldehyde electrochemical sensor utilizing Nafion as solid electrolyte for human exhaled breath

Yuxuan Gao1, Weiqing Guo2, Qianhui Wei2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Intelligent Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100088, China; GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan, 528000, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China.

Talanta
|April 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new electrochemical sensor detects formaldehyde (HCHO) with high sensitivity and a low limit of detection, crucial for lung cancer screening. This cost-effective sensor shows promise for clinical diagnosis and monitoring indoor air quality.

Keywords:
Breath sensingElectrochemistry sensorFormaldehydeNafionSolid electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensors
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key biomarker for lung cancer screening.
  • Accurate detection of HCHO at ppb-level concentrations is critical for distinguishing healthy individuals from patients.
  • Existing methods require high sensitivity and low limit of detection (LOD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for formaldehyde detection.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance for distinguishing between healthy individuals and lung cancer patients based on breath analysis.
  • To provide a cost-effective and simple sensing platform for clinical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a formaldehyde electrochemical sensor using a two-step drop-coating method on a flexible screen-printed electrode.
  • Utilizing a 60% Pt/C-Nafion catalyst as the sensing layer and Nafion as the solid-state electrolyte.
  • Testing sensor performance, including sensitivity, linear response range, LOD, selectivity, consistency, and long-term stability at room temperature.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high sensitivity (0.197 μA/ppm), wide linear range (500 ppb–100 ppm), and low LOD (2.5 ppb) for HCHO detection.
  • Demonstrated excellent selectivity, consistency, and stability (>15 days).
  • Successfully distinguished between healthy and simulated lung cancer patient breath samples at ultra-low concentrations (50–400 ppb) with a sensitivity of 0.8 nA/ppb.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Nafion-based HCHO electrochemical sensor offers high performance due to optimized working potential, efficient three-phase boundary construction, and Pt/C catalyst electrocatalytic activity.
  • The simple and cost-effective fabrication method makes it suitable for practical applications.
  • The sensor presents a promising platform for lung cancer screening and indoor HCHO monitoring.