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Updated: May 11, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Risk of venous thromboembolism in the transgender population on hormone therapy: A systematic review
Anabel Franco-Moreno1, Pablo Ryan2, Nuria Muñoz-Rivas1
1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, Madrid, España; Unidad de Tromboembolismo Venoso, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, Madrid, España.
Background And Objective:
Hormone therapy is associated with an increased thrombotic risk. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the incidence of venous thromboembolism in the transgender population undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy and compare it with that in cisgender individuals of the same sex assigned at birth.
Materials And Method:
A literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE, encompassing all studies that report data related to the incidence of venous thromboembolism in transgender individuals on hormone therapy.
Results:
Twenty-one studies were included. Five studies assessed the incidence of thromboembolic events in both populations. The occurrence of thrombosis was higher in transgender women than cisgender men (OR: 2.23; 95%CI: 1.93-2.57; P<.001). No differences between transgender men and cisgender women (OR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.87-2.31; P=.60) were found.
Conclusion:
Our systematic review suggests that hormone therapy in transgender women may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism.
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