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Nutritional support in cardiac cachexia.

G L Blackburn, G W Gibbons, A Bothe

    The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Protein-calorie malnutrition affects 50 cardiac patients. A nutritional profile, including weight loss and cell-mediated immunity, identified high-risk individuals who benefited from nutritional support.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Clinical Nutrition
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Protein-calorie malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized cardiac patients.
    • Assessing malnutrition using standard anthropometric measures and immune function is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the predictive value of nutritional status for morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients undergoing valvuloplasty.
    • To identify high-risk patients who may benefit from nutritional support.

    Main Methods:

    • Nutritional survey of 350 hospital patients, including 50 with cardiac disease.
    • Assessment of malnutrition using triceps skin fold, arm muscle circumference, and delayed hypersensitivity skin testing (cell-mediated immunity).
    • Correlation of nutritional/metabolic profiles with outcomes in 14 patients undergoing cardiac valvuloplasty.

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    Main Results:

    • Standard cardiac status functional categories were imprecise in predicting outcomes.
    • A nutritional/metabolic profile (weight loss, skin fold, arm muscle circumference, cell-mediated immunity) identified high-risk patients.
    • All 4 high-risk patients identified by the nutritional profile benefited from concurrent nutritional support.

    Conclusions:

    • Nutritional assessment is vital for identifying cardiac patients at risk of poor outcomes.
    • Nutritional support may reduce morbidity and mortality in cardiac cachexia during valve surgery.
    • Further research is needed to confirm the benefits of nutritional interventions in this population.