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Understanding the sport viewership experience using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Luke R Potwarka¹, Adrian B Safati², Adam T Pappas³

¹Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. potwarka@uwaterloo.ca.

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|April 18, 2025

Summary

Highly ego-involved sports fans show greater neural activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) during key game moments. This suggests neural measures offer insights into viewer engagement during sporting events.

Keywords:

Ego involvement Ice-hockey Spectator Sport fNIRS

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sports Psychology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Assessing real-time sports event evaluation typically relies on self-report measures.
Neural indices offer novel insights into the evaluative processing of sporting events.
Viewer's emotional investment and critical game moments influence neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neural activations in the prefrontal cortex during sports viewing.
To examine the relationship between ego involvement and neural responses to key game moments.
To explore the utility of neural indices in understanding viewer engagement in sports.

Main Methods:

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure brain activity.
Participants (n=20) were categorized into high (n=11) and low (n=9) ego-involved groups based on pre-screening.
Participants viewed video clips of key moments from an ice hockey game.

Main Results:

High ego-involved participants exhibited increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activation.
This heightened dmPFC engagement was particularly pronounced during critical game moments.
Neural activation patterns varied based on the level of ego involvement and game criticality.

Conclusions:

Neural indices, specifically dmPFC activation, reflect evaluative processing during sports events.
Emotional investment significantly modulates neural engagement with critical game sequences.
fNIRS can provide valuable data on viewer engagement in sports, complementing self-report measures.