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Framework for a short muscle function battery using electronic handgrip dynamometry and accelerometry in older

Ryan McGrath1, Grant R Tomkinson2, Sarah Andrew3

  • 1Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA,; Department of Geriatrics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND, USA.

The Journal of Frailty & Aging
|April 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New electronic measures reveal three key muscle function themes in older adults: functional strength, lateral function, and muscle endurance. This supports developing a short muscle function battery (SMFB) for assessing muscle health.

Keywords:
AgingGeriatricsMuscle WeaknessMuscle strengthMuscle strength dynamometer

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Electronic handgrip dynamometry and accelerometry offer novel ways to assess muscle function beyond maximal strength.
  • Some muscle function attributes may be interrelated, suggesting a need to consolidate them into a short muscle function battery (SMFB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the multivariate relationships between various muscle function attributes in older adults.
  • To explore the potential for creating a concise SMFB using advanced measurement tools.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional laboratory study involving 121 healthy older adults (mean age 70.7 years).
  • Measurements included maximal strength, asymmetry, submaximal control, rate of force development, bimanual coordination, fatigability, and contractile steadiness using electronic handgrip dynamometry and accelerometry.
  • Factor analysis was employed on standardized handgrip variables to identify underlying themes.

Main Results:

  • Three factors emerged from the analysis, explaining significant variance in muscle function.
  • Factor 1 (Functional Strength) comprised strength, submaximal control, and rate of force development (39.9% variance).
  • Factor 2 (Lateral Function) included asymmetry and bimanual coordination (35.8% variance), while Factor 3 (Muscle Endurance) encompassed fatigability and contractile steadiness (24.3% variance).

Conclusions:

  • The study identified distinct themes in muscle function measures, providing a basis for a short muscle function battery (SMFB).
  • Further research is necessary to validate these findings for clinical application in assessing muscle function in older adults.