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Autoimmunity in inflammatory bowel disease: a holobiont perspective
Henry Taylor1, Holm H Uhlig2, Fiona Powrie3
1Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves adaptive immunity attacking self-antigens and gut microbes. Understanding intestinal tolerance is key to preventing damaging immune responses in the gut holobiont.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by aberrant adaptive immunity.
- The host and its gut microbiome form a holobiont, posing challenges for immune tolerance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore adaptive immune responses in IBD from a holobiont perspective.
- To highlight mechanisms of intestinal tolerance and its failure in IBD.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and the gut microbiome in IBD.
- Discussion of T and B cell responses, autoantibodies, and antimicrobial responses.
Main Results:
- IBD involves immune responses against self-antigens and commensal microbiota.
- Intestinal tolerance mechanisms are crucial for preventing inflammation.
- Specific adaptive immune responses contribute to IBD pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Maintaining gut homeostasis requires balancing responses to self, symbionts, and pathogens.
- Dysfunctional adaptive immunity underlies IBD development.
- Further research into IBD-associated immune responses is warranted.
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