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Dentinal Surface Roughness after Apicoectomy Improves Cell Attachment.

Luiza Salles Alves Berti Pereira¹, Leandro Augusto Pinto Pereira², Gabriela Fernanda Bombarda¹

¹Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

Journal of Endodontics

|April 20, 2025

Summary

Ultrasonic instruments created rougher root surfaces during apicoectomy (endodontic surgery), enhancing cell attachment. The OT12 ultrasonic tip was fastest, showing favorable cell attachment for persistent apical periodontitis treatment.

Keywords:

Apicoectomy cellular attachment endodontics root-end surgery surface roughness

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Area of Science:

Endodontics
Dental Materials Science
Cell Biology

Background:

Apicoectomy is a crucial endodontic surgery for persistent apical periodontitis when non-surgical methods fail.
Evaluating root-end surface characteristics is vital for successful surgical outcomes.
Cellular response to surgical surfaces influences tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare dentinal roughness after apicoectomy using different instruments.
To assess cellular attachment viability on these varied root-end surfaces.
To identify optimal instruments for improved endodontic microsurgery outcomes.

Main Methods:

Sixty-four endodontically treated human teeth underwent apicoectomy using high-speed carbide burs (Zekrya) or ultrasonic tips (Blade Sonic, OT12).
Root-end surface roughness and cell (human primary gingival fibroblasts) attachment were analyzed.
Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis) determined significant differences.

Main Results:

Ultrasonic instruments (OT12, Blade Sonic) produced significantly rougher root surfaces compared to carbide burs.
OT12 facilitated the fastest apicoectomy, while Blade Sonic was the slowest.
Enhanced cell attachment was observed on rougher surfaces, particularly those created by ultrasonic instruments.

Conclusions:

Dentinal surface roughness positively correlates with improved cell attachment after apicoectomy.
Ultrasonic instruments, especially OT12, offer a faster procedure with superior cell attachment potential.
Further clinical research is warranted to correlate dentinal surface characteristics with repair post-apicoectomy.