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Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...

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Non-starch polysaccharides from nutmeg: Preparation process and bioactivity.

Zhenlei Wang1, Wenqi Cheng1, Zitong Wang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|April 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bioactive non-starch polysaccharides (NEP) were extracted from nutmeg, showing enhanced antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. This research highlights NEP

Keywords:
Enzymatic hydrolysisNon-starch polysaccharidesNutmeg

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Area of Science:

  • Food Chemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nutmeg contains valuable non-starch polysaccharides but is limited by high lipid and starch content.
  • Efficient extraction of these polysaccharides requires overcoming lipid and starch interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare bioactive non-starch polysaccharides from nutmeg (NEP).
  • To characterize the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of NEP.
  • To evaluate NEP's potential as a functional food or pharmaceutical ingredient.

Main Methods:

  • Lipid removal via petroleum ether defatting.
  • Optimized extraction of NEP at 82°C for 170 min with a 15:1 mL/g liquid-solid ratio.
  • Starch removal confirmed by enzymatic hydrolysis (α-amylase, amyloglucosidase) and analytical techniques (HPLC, IR, I2-KI).

Main Results:

  • NEP yield was 3.09%.
  • Compared to non-enzymatic hydrolysis polysaccharides (NNP), NEP showed increased total sugar (13.8%) and uronic acid (18.5%) content.
  • NEP exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity (ABTS IC50: 0.47 mg/mL vs 1.20 mg/mL for NNP) and immunomodulatory effects (nitric oxide release from macrophages).

Conclusions:

  • The optimized extraction method effectively produced bioactive non-starch polysaccharides from nutmeg.
  • NEP demonstrates significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
  • NEP holds promise as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical applications.