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Comparative study of pregnancy risks in different maternal age groups.

Amala Sunder1, Yusuf Khaled Hadi1, Noor Ammar Alkhuzaei1

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Saudi Medical Journal
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PubMed
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Maternal age significantly impacts pregnancy outcomes. Younger mothers face higher risks of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction, while older mothers have increased rates of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Keywords:
adolescent pregnancyadvance maternal agematernal agematernal outcomesneonatal outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Maternal age is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing pregnancy outcomes.
  • Understanding the specific risks associated with different maternal age groups is essential for optimizing prenatal care and improving maternal and neonatal health.
  • Previous studies have indicated a correlation between advanced maternal age and certain pregnancy complications, but a comprehensive comparison across various age strata is warranted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the incidence of pregnancy complications across distinct maternal age groups.
  • To identify specific adverse outcomes associated with younger (<25 years) and older (≥35 years) maternal age.
  • To provide data that can inform clinical practice and public health strategies related to maternal age and pregnancy risks.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of singleton pregnancy outcomes was conducted at Bahrain Defense Force Hospital.
  • The study population (n=2,972) was categorized into four age groups: <25, 25-29, 30-34, and ≥35 years.
  • Univariate logistic regression was employed to analyze maternal and neonatal outcomes, adjusting for relevant maternal factors, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were observed between maternal age and outcomes such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR).
  • Women aged ≥35 years exhibited higher rates of GDM (11.5%) compared to those <25 years (6.6%, p=0.027).
  • Younger women (<25 years) had a higher prevalence of IUGR (p=0.041) and preterm delivery (OR: 1.365, CI: 1.015-1.837).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal age is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Younger maternal age (<25 years) is associated with increased risks of preterm delivery and IUGR.
  • Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is linked to a higher incidence of GDM.