Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.9K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

1.8K
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SKIN AS A POTENTIAL ENTRY POINT FOR SARS-COV-2.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Assessment of Chronic Multi-Electrode Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation and Electromyography Platform in Non-Human Primates.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Multiparametric Detection of Effects of TILs and Oncolytic Virotherapy on Xenograft Mouse Model of Glioblastoma.

Biomedicines·2025
Same author

A Novel Framework for the Design of Minimized Epigenetic Clocks Using the Analysis of DNA Methylation Heterogeneity.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of NAD(P)H in Patients' Lymphocytes: Evaluation of Efficacy of Immunotherapy.

Cells·2025
Same author

Myeloid Cell Mobilization and Recruitment by Human Mesothelioma in NSG-SGM3 Mice.

Cells·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
11:42

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

Published on: June 10, 2021

4.8K

Direct Neural Reprogramming in situ: Existing Approaches and Their Optimization.

Nikita V Dokukin1, Daria A Chudakova1,2, Matvey O Shkap1

  • 1Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 117513, Russia.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|April 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Directly reprogramming glial cells into neurons offers a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system (CNS) repair. This approach bypasses pluripotency, converting existing glial cells into functional neurons to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
astrocytesdirect reprogrammingefficiencyneuronsregenerationtranscription factors

More Related Videos

Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes
07:25

Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes

Published on: July 7, 2022

2.6K
Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
13:58

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 29, 2015

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2025

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
11:42

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

Published on: June 10, 2021

4.8K
Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes
07:25

Isolation and Direct Neuronal Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes

Published on: July 7, 2022

2.6K
Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
13:58

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 29, 2015

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS) has limited self-repair capacity following injury or neurodegeneration.
  • Glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, are abundant and proliferate at injury sites.
  • Direct neuronal reprogramming of glial cells presents a potential therapeutic avenue for CNS repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review efficient strategies for direct *in situ* neuronal reprogramming of glial cells.
  • To discuss technologies for visualizing and monitoring the transdifferentiation process.
  • To identify obstacles to efficient neuronal conversion and explore methods to overcome them.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of proneuronal transcription factors (e.g., NeuroD1-4, NeuroG2, Ascl1, Dlx2).
  • MicroRNA-mediated suppression of PTB and REST transcription factors.
  • Application of small molecules and biomaterials to facilitate reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Direct neuronal reprogramming of astrocytes *in vitro* and *in vivo* has been demonstrated.
  • Various transcription factors and molecular strategies can induce neuronal conversion.
  • Challenges remain in achieving efficient and specific reprogramming *in situ*.

Conclusions:

  • Direct *in situ* neuronal reprogramming is a promising strategy for treating CNS disorders.
  • Overcoming limitations in cell specificity, delivery, and microenvironment is crucial for therapeutic success.
  • Precise monitoring and characterization are essential to confirm successful glial-to-neuron conversion and integration.