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An Unusual Cause of Splenic Rupture: Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection

Muneeba Moin1, Mohamed Shoaib1, Zeyad Faoor Medhat Alrais1

  • 1Critical Care, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, ARE.

Cureus
|April 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Melioidosis, a serious infection from Burkholderia pseudomallei, can cause rare splenic rupture. Early diagnosis and treatment in an ICU setting are crucial for patient survival.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Melioidosis is a severe infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium.
  • This infection can present with diverse clinical manifestations, mimicking various other diseases.
  • Complications of melioidosis are numerous, with splenic rupture being a rare but life-threatening possibility.

Observation:

  • A case of melioidosis complicated by splenic rupture was managed in a medical intensive care unit.
  • The patient presented with symptoms that initially suggested other conditions, highlighting diagnostic challenges.
  • Prompt identification of melioidosis and its splenic rupture complication was achieved.

Findings:

  • Successful early identification and treatment of melioidosis and splenic rupture led to patient survival.
  • The case underscores the potential for Burkholderia pseudomallei to cause severe, uncommon complications.
  • Aggressive management in an intensive care setting was critical for a positive outcome.

Implications:

  • Vigilance in suspecting melioidosis, even with atypical presentations, is essential for clinicians.
  • Timely diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy can prevent fatal outcomes.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering melioidosis in differential diagnoses, especially in endemic or at-risk regions.
Keywords:
burkholderiacrtitical careinfectiousmelliodosissepsisseptic shocksplenic abscesswhitmore disease

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