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The Bidirectional Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review
Kanchanbala Rathore1, Neha Shukla2, Sunil Naik3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Pune, IND.
Cureus
|April 21, 2025
Summary
The gut microbiome significantly impacts mental health via the gut-brain axis. Interventions targeting gut bacteria show promise for treating psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Microbiology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- The gut microbiome influences mental health through the gut-brain axis.
- Gut dysbiosis is linked to psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression.
- Microbial factors like metabolites and immune interactions mediate gut-brain communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the mechanisms connecting the gut microbiome to brain function.
- To evaluate microbiome-targeted interventions for psychiatric symptoms.
- To discuss the potential of personalized microbiome-based mental health treatments.
Main Methods:
- Review of current research on gut microbiome and mental health.
- Analysis of mechanisms including microbial neurotransmitter synthesis and HPA axis modulation.
- Evaluation of interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
Main Results:
- Altered microbial diversity, reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and neuroinflammation are associated with mental health issues.
- Microbiome-targeted interventions demonstrate potential in alleviating psychiatric symptoms.
- Advances in microbiome sequencing and bioinformatics enable personalized treatments.
Conclusions:
- The gut microbiome is a critical factor in mental health and psychiatric disorders.
- Microbiome-based interventions offer a promising avenue for novel mental health treatments.
- Further research and standardized methods are needed to optimize therapeutic applications and integrate precision psychiatry.
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