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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors
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Exploring the Role of Cellular Interactions in the Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment.

Jiadai Tang1, Liuhan Chen2, Xin Shen1

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Journal of Immunology Research
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is influenced by the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Understanding immune cell interactions within the TME is key for developing targeted CRC immunotherapies.

Keywords:
cellular and noncellular constituentscellular and noncellular functionscolorectal cancertumor immune microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents high global incidence and mortality rates.
  • The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in CRC progression and treatment response.
  • TME cellular composition dynamically shifts during tumor development, impacting immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key cellular and noncellular components of the CRC TME.
  • To examine the interconnections between different cell populations within the TME.
  • To identify considerations for developing personalized and precise CRC immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on the CRC TME.
  • Analysis of cellular and noncellular constituents within the TME.
  • Exploration of immune cell dynamics and interactions.

Main Results:

  • The TME comprises diverse cell types (tumor cells, immune cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts) and noncellular elements.
  • Dynamic shifts in cell subpopulations alter the immune response from antitumor to pro-tumorigenic.
  • Complex interactions within the TME significantly influence tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of TME complexity is essential for effective CRC treatment.
  • Investigating cellular interconnections is crucial for advancing precision immunotherapy strategies.
  • Targeting TME components offers potential for improved patient outcomes in colorectal cancer.