Effect of Nigella sativa on dexamethasone-induced testicular toxicity in mice

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Toxicology
• Pharmacology
• Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

• Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, can induce testicular toxicity.
• Understanding the protective effects of natural compounds against drug-induced toxicity is crucial for reproductive health.
• Nigella sativa (black cumin) is traditionally used for various medicinal purposes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the protective effects of Nigella sativa essential oil against dexamethasone-induced testicular toxicity in mice.
• To assess the impact of Nigella sativa on spermatogenesis and sperm fertility parameters.

Main Methods:

• NMRI mice were divided into four groups: Sham (saline), Control (dexamethasone), Dexamethasone + Nigella sativa, and Nigella sativa alone.
• Dexamethasone was administered intraperitoneally, while Nigella sativa essential oil was given via gavage for seven days.
• Histopathological examination of testes, Johnsen's scoring for spermatogenesis, and sperm fertility rates were assessed.

Main Results:

• Dexamethasone treatment led to testicular damage and impaired spermatogenesis.
• Mice treated with both dexamethasone and Nigella sativa essential oil showed improved histopathological criteria compared to the dexamethasone-only group.
• Spermatogenesis quality and embryo formation rates were enhanced in the group receiving Nigella sativa alongside dexamethasone.

Conclusions:

• Nigella sativa essential oil demonstrates a protective effect against dexamethasone-induced testicular toxicity.
• The findings suggest that Nigella sativa can ameliorate spermatogenesis defects and improve sperm fertility in mice.
• Nigella sativa essential oil may be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating drug-induced reproductive damage.