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Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Updated: May 10, 2025

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
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Liver disorders in substance abusers.

George Sarin Zacharia1, Anu Jacob2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Ahalia Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Hepatology Forum
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substance use disorders harm the liver through various mechanisms, leading to conditions from fatty liver to cirrhosis. This review details the liver

Keywords:
AlcoholDILIcocainehepatotoxicityliver injurymarijuanasedativesstimulantssubstance abusetobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Toxicology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant global health issue with widespread effects.
  • The liver is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of substance abuse.
  • Hepatic manifestations of SUDs range from mild enzyme elevations to severe liver failure and cirrhosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the hepatotoxic effects of commonly abused substances.
  • To analyze the mechanisms of liver injury induced by various drugs of abuse.
  • To discuss the implications for liver disease management and liver transplantation in individuals with SUDs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on substance abuse and liver injury.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of hepatotoxicity for different classes of substances.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes and management strategies for liver disease in SUD populations.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol is a primary hepatotoxin, causing a wide spectrum of liver diseases.
  • Cigarette smoke contributes to liver injury, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Cocaine can cause ischemic liver injury, while marijuana and opiates are less commonly associated with overt liver damage.

Conclusions:

  • Substance abuse significantly impacts liver health through diverse mechanisms.
  • Understanding the specific hepatotoxic profiles of different substances is crucial for patient care.
  • Management of liver disease in individuals with SUDs, including transplant considerations, requires careful, evidence-based approaches.