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Related Concept Videos

Machines01:19

Machines

Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
Three-Phase Circuits01:22

Three-Phase Circuits

AC power distribution systems have three categories: single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase systems. The single-phase circuit, common in residential settings, typically employs a two-wire system connecting a single AC source to various loads. These circuits support standard household appliances operating at 120 volts (V) and 240 V, such as lamps, televisions, and microwaves. The first generators, Niagara Falls hydro plant installed in 1895, were two-phase and designed by Nikola Tesla. The...
Insulation Coordination01:23

Insulation Coordination

Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times for...
Electro-mechanical Systems01:19

Electro-mechanical Systems

Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
Three-Winding Transformers01:19

Three-Winding Transformers

Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine01:21

Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine

Conducting a three-phase short circuit test on an unloaded synchronous machine helps understand its impact on the system. The AC fault current's oscillogram, with the DC offset removed, reveals that the waveform amplitude decreases from an initially high value to a steady-state level for one phase of the machine.
This behavior occurs due to the magnetic flux produced by the short-circuit armature currents. Initially, these currents follow high-reluctance paths but eventually shift to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

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Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Customized Colloidal Trimers.

Samira Munkaila1, Kevin J Torres1, Jennifer Wang1

  • 1Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States.

ACS Nanoscience Au
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered distinct colloidal trimers using gold nanoparticles. These metallodielectric particles enable controlled assembly and disassembly via dielectrophoresis, paving the way for complex functional structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Controlled assembly of anisotropic colloidal particles is difficult.
  • Existing methods lack precise control over shape and surface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for controlled assembly of colloidal trimers with both shape and surface anisotropy.
  • To demonstrate the use of metallodielectric particles for directive assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of four distinct polymeric dielectric colloidal trimers functionalized with gold nanoparticles.
  • Utilizing dielectrophoretic fields with varied frequencies and media permittivities for assembly.
  • Applying and removing electric fields to control assembly and disassembly.

Main Results:

  • Achieved directive assembly of anisotropic colloidal trimers.
  • Demonstrated control over particle packing density and orientation by tuning electric field parameters.
  • Showcased on-demand assembly and disassembly by switching the electric field on and off.

Conclusions:

  • Metallodielectric colloidal trimers offer a versatile platform for controlled self-assembly.
  • The dielectrophoretic method allows for precise engineering of complex colloidal structures.
  • This approach enables the creation of functional materials with tunable properties.